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메릴랜드 대학교 의과대학(UMSOM)의 새로운 연구는 몇 시간 전에 사람과 대화를 나눈 후 얼굴을 잊어버리는 실망스러운 경험에 대해 밝혔습니다. 이러한 유형의 기억력 감퇴는 나이가 들면서 흔히 발생하지만 그 이유는 아직 완전히 이해되지 않았습니다. 에 발표된 연구 노화세포이 기능 장애에 대한 귀중한 통찰력을 제공합니다.
연구는 연령 관련 인지 기능 저하를 치료하기 위한 잠재적인 새로운 치료법 개발 대상을 식별합니다.
연령 관련 기억력 감퇴의 가장 속상한 측면 중 하나는 몇 시간 전에 대화한 사람의 이름과 함께 나오는 얼굴을 기억할 수 없다는 것입니다. 연구자들은 이 기능 장애가 발생하는 이유를 이해하지 못하지만 메릴랜드 대학교 의과대학(UMSOM)에서 수행된 새로운 연구에서 몇 가지 중요한 새로운 단서를 제공했습니다. 이 연구는 저널에 최근 게재되었습니다. 노화세포.
연구원들은 노화된 쥐를 사용하여 이러한 사회적 상호 작용과 관련된 기억을 나이가 들면서 감소시키는 뉴런의 새로운 메커니즘을 확인했습니다. 또한 그들은 실험실에서 이 기억 상실을 되돌릴 수 있었습니다.
연구원들은 그들의 발견이 언젠가 전형적인 노화로 인한 기억 상실을 예방하거나 역전시킬 수 있는 치료법을 개발하는 데 사용될 수 있는 뇌의 특정 표적을 식별했다고 보고합니다. 노화 기억 문제는 다음과 같은 질병으로 인한 문제와 구별됩니다.[{” attribute=””>Alzheimer’s or dementia. At this time, there are no medications that can prevent or reverse cognitive decline due to typical aging.
PDE11A memory enzyme (green) in the brains of young (left) and old (right) mice. Credit: University of Maryland School of Medicine
“If an older adult attends a cocktail party, afterward they would most likely recognize the names or the faces of the other attendees, but they might struggle with remembering which name went with which face,” said the study leader Michy Kelly, PhD, Associate Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology at UMSOM.
These kinds of memories that associate multiple pieces of information within a personal interaction, so-called social associative memories, require an enzyme, known as PDE11A, in a part of the brain responsible for memory involving life experiences. Last year, Dr. Kelly published research on PDE11A demonstrating that mice with genetically similar versions of the PDE11 enzyme were more likely to interact than those mice with a different type of PDE11A. In this new study, Dr. Kelly and her team sought to determine PDE11A’s role in social associative memory in the aging brain and whether manipulating this enzyme could be used to prevent this memory loss.
Researchers can study mouse “social interactions” with their neighbors by seeing whether they will be willing to try a new food, based on their memories of encountering that food on the breath of another mouse. Mice do not like to eat new foods to avoid getting sick or even dying from them. When they smell food on another mouse’s breath, mice make an association between the food odor and the smell of the other mouse’s pheromones, the memory of which serves as a safety signal that any food with that odor is safe to eat in the future.
Dr. Kelly and her colleagues found that although old mice could recognize both food odors and social odors separately, they were not able to remember the association between the two, similar to the cognitive decline in older people.
They also discovered that levels of PDE11A increased with age in both people and mice, specifically in a brain region responsible for many types of learning and memory known as the hippocampus. This extra PDE11A in the hippocampus was not simply found where it was normally located in young mice; instead, it preferentially accumulated as little filaments in compartments of neurons.
The researchers wondered if having too much PDE11A in these filaments was why the older mice forgot their social associative memories and would no longer eat the safe food they smelled on another mouse’s breath. To answer this question, they prevented these age-related increases in PDE11A by genetically deleting the PDE11A gene in mice. Without PDE11A, the older mice no longer forgot the social associative memory, meaning they ate the safe food they smelled on another mouse’s breath. When the researchers added the PDE11A back into the hippocampus of these old mice, the mice once again forgot the social associative memory and would no longer eat the safe food.
One potential pathway to drug development to prevent this memory loss in people lies in an additional finding: The researchers learned that the concentrated filaments of PDE11A had an extra chemical modification in a specific place on the enzyme that the other PDE11 diffused throughout the neuron did not have. When they prevented this chemical modification, it reduced PDE11 levels and also prevented it from accumulating as filaments.
“PDE11 is involved in more things than just memory, including preferences for who you prefer to be around. So, if we are to develop a therapy to help with cognitive decline, we would not want to get rid of it entirely or it could cause other negative side effects,” said Dr. Kelly. She and her colleagues joke that any drug that eliminated PDE11 would ensure you would remember your friends and family, but you may no longer like them. “Thus, our goal is to figure out a way to target the bad form of PDE11A specifically, in order to not interfere with the normal, healthy function of the enzyme.”
Dean Mark T. Gladwin, MD, Executive Vice President for Medical Affairs, UM Baltimore, and the John Z. and Akiko K. Bowers Distinguished Professor at UMSOM, said, “We are at the tip of the iceberg when it comes to understanding how the brain ages, so it’s crucial to have basic research studies such as these to help us further our understanding and eventually find ways to prevent cognitive decline.”
Reference: “Conserved age-related increases in hippocampal PDE11A4 cause unexpected proteinopathies and cognitive decline of social associative memories” by Katy Pilarzyk, Latarsha Porcher, William R. Capell, Steven D. Burbano, Jeff Davis, Janet L. Fisher, Nicole Gorny, Siena Petrolle and Michy P. Kelly, 8 September 2022, Aging Cell.
DOI: 10.1111/acel.13687
Additional authors on the study include students Nicole Gorny, MS, and Siena Petrolle of UMSOM, as well as co-authors from the University of South Carolina.
Funding for this study was provided by grants from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM109091), the National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH101130), the National Institute on Aging (R01AG061200), and the National Science Foundation.
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